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Related Concept Videos

Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

4.9K
Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
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Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Microtubule Formation01:23

Microtubule Formation

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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation...
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Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
09:39

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

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Evolution of centriole assembly.

Catarina Nabais1, Catarina Peneda2, Mónica Bettencourt-Dias1

  • 1Cell Cycle Regulation Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.

Current Biology : CB
|May 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This Primer explores the evolution of centrioles and basal bodies, detailing conserved assembly features and eukaryotic diversity. It highlights key evolutionary questions about centriole assembly.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Centrioles and basal bodies are crucial microtubule-based organelles.
  • Their structure and function are vital for cell division and motility.
  • Understanding their evolutionary history is key to cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolutionary trajectory of centriole and basal body structure and function.
  • To describe conserved mechanisms in centriole assembly.
  • To highlight the diversity of centriole architecture across eukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of centriole and basal body structures.
  • Review of conserved protein components and assembly pathways.
  • Examination of evolutionary data across eukaryotic lineages.

Main Results:

  • Centriole assembly involves conserved core features but exhibits significant diversity.
  • Evolution has shaped distinct centriole architectures in different eukaryotic groups.
  • Key evolutionary questions regarding centriole assembly remain unresolved.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of centrioles and basal bodies is a complex process involving both conservation and diversification.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the evolutionary history and assembly mechanisms.
  • Understanding centriole evolution provides insights into fundamental cellular processes.