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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
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Deep learning for dermatologists: Part II. Current applications.

Pranav Puri1, Nneka Comfere2, Lisa A Drage3

  • 1Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona; Mayo Clinic Office of Artificial Intelligence in Dermatology, Rochester, Minnesota.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|May 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep learning, a type of artificial intelligence, is revolutionizing medical image analysis, especially in dermatology. Understanding its applications and limitations is crucial for clinicians to leverage these powerful new tools effectively.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencedeep learningdermatologymachine learning

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Medical Image Analysis
  • Dermatology Applications

Background:

  • Convergence of large datasets, specialized hardware, and theoretical advances drives AI progress in medicine.
  • Deep learning (DL), a subset of AI, shows significant impact in medical image analysis across specialties.
  • Previous article introduced DL concepts for clinician-technical expert communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging clinical applications of deep learning in dermatology.
  • To discuss future opportunities and limitations of deep learning in dermatological practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing and emerging clinical applications of deep learning in dermatology.
  • Discussion of future opportunities and limitations based on current advancements.

Main Results:

  • Deep learning applications demonstrate promising results in dermatology, mirroring successes in radiology, cardiology, and ophthalmology.
  • Clinicians require understanding of DL basics to effectively utilize and evaluate new AI tools.

Conclusions:

  • Deep learning offers significant potential to advance dermatological diagnosis and treatment.
  • Understanding DL's utility and limitations is essential for modern clinical practice.
  • Continued research and development are needed to fully realize DL's potential in dermatology.