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Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites.

Richard Allen White1,2,3, Sarah A Soles4, Allyson L Brady4

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Freshwater microbialites in Kelly Lake, British Columbia, show enriched photoautotrophy, particularly at deeper depths. This finding, revealed through carbon isotopes and lipid analysis, offers new insights into microbial metabolism under nutrient limitations.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Geomicrobiology
  • Isotope Geochemistry
  • Microbial Ecology

Background:

  • Freshwater microbialites are rare in North America's northern latitudes.
  • Kelly Lake in southeastern British Columbia hosts a variety of microbialite structures.
  • Understanding microbial metabolism in these unique environments is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biosignatures of microbial metabolism in Kelly Lake microbialites.
  • To determine the extent of photoautotrophy and heterotrophy within the microbialites.
  • To explore the limits of isotopic biosignatures under environmental constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Carbon isotope systematics (δ¹³CDIC and δ¹³Ccarb) were analyzed.
  • Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were used to estimate biomass and microbial community composition.
  • Quantitative PCR (qPCR) measured the abundance of cyanobacteria (16S copies).

Main Results:

  • Carbon isotopes indicated 13C-depleted inorganic carbon in Kelly Lake.
  • Deep microbialites (26 m) showed enriched δ¹³Ccarb, a signature of photoautotrophy.
  • Higher biomass and cyanobacteria abundance were observed in deeper microbialites (>20 m), with PLFA data supporting both photoautotrophy and heterotrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Photoautotrophy is enriched in Kelly Lake microbialites, consistent with Pavilion Lake.
  • The study provides evidence of photoautotrophy at significant depths, challenging previous assumptions.
  • Results offer new insights into the limits of measurable carbonate isotopic biosignatures under light and nutrient limitations.