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The Relationship between Isometric Force-Time Characteristics and Dynamic Performance: A Systematic Review.

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Multi-joint isometric strength tests (IsoTest) reveal strong correlations with athletes' dynamic performance. These force-time characteristics, including peak force and rate of force development, offer valuable insights into athletic capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Assessing athletic performance relies on understanding the relationship between strength and movement.
  • Isometric strength tests (IsoTest) measure force production capabilities without joint movement.
  • Force-time characteristics (peak force, rate of force development, impulse) are key metrics in IsoTest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize existing literature on the association between multi-joint isometric strength test (IsoTest) force-time characteristics and dynamic performance.
  • To evaluate the strength and consistency of correlations across various IsoTest protocols and dynamic movements.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four electronic databases using relevant keywords.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on original research, peer-reviewed publications, athletic or active populations, and availability of full text.
  • A total of 47 studies investigating the relationship between IsoTest and dynamic performance were selected for review.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations were found between isometric bench press (IBP) force-time variables and upper body dynamic performance (r² = 0.221–0.608).
  • Isometric squat (ISqT) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) force-time variables demonstrated significant correlations with lower body dynamic performance (r² = 0.085–0.941).
  • IsoTest force-time characteristics showed small to very large correlations with upper/lower limb and sport-specific dynamic movements (r² = 0.118–0.700).

Conclusions:

  • Multi-joint isometric strength tests provide valuable insights into an athlete's force production capabilities.
  • The force-time characteristics derived from IsoTest are significantly related to dynamic performance in both upper and lower body movements.
  • IsoTest serves as a useful tool for assessing and potentially predicting athletic performance in various dynamic tasks.