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Protein Distribution and Muscle-Related Outcomes: Does the Evidence Support the Concept?
Joshua L Hudson1,2,3, Robert E Bergia Iii1, Wayne W Campbell1
1Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Nutrients
|May 21, 2020
Summary
Optimizing dietary protein intake involves considering individual meals, not just daily totals. Spreading protein evenly may help those with low intake, but sufficient protein per meal is key for muscle health in most adults.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Sports Medicine
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Dietary protein requirements are shifting from daily totals to individual meal considerations.
- Muscle protein synthesis is stimulated by protein intake in a saturable manner, with excess amino acids being oxidized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review observational and randomized controlled trial research on the concept of dietary protein distribution.
- To assess the efficacy of "optimal" protein distribution for skeletal muscle outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing observational studies.
- Review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating protein distribution patterns.
Main Results:
- Evidence on "optimal" protein distribution for skeletal muscle changes is limited and inconsistent.
- The impact of protein distribution is difficult to separate from total protein quantity.
- Balanced protein distribution can help adults with inadequate intake achieve higher total protein consumption.
Conclusions:
- For adults with marginal protein intake (<0.80 g·kg-1·d-1), a balanced distribution may increase total intake.
- For adults consuming adequate to high protein (0.8-1.3 g·kg-1·d-1), prioritizing sufficient protein per meal is more critical for muscle health than distribution.
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