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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Dach1 regulates neural crest migration during embryonic development.

Yoo-Kyung Kim1, Hongchan Lee1, Tayaba Ismail1

  • 1KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|May 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dachshund 1 (Dach1) is crucial for Xenopus embryonic development, regulating cell fate. Loss of Dach1 function leads to microcephaly and affects neural crest migration, highlighting its essential role in embryogenesis.

Keywords:
Cell fateDachshundEmbryogenesisNeural crestNeural development

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Dachshund 1 (Dach1) is a key regulator in the retinal determination gene network.
  • Its specific functions during vertebrate embryonic development are not well understood.
  • Dach1 is the vertebrate homolog of Drosophila dachshund.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional significance of Dach1 during Xenopus embryogenesis.
  • To elucidate the role of Dach1 in neural and neural crest development.

Main Methods:

  • Loss-of-function studies in Xenopus embryos.
  • Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to analyze Dach1 expression.
  • Morpholino oligonucleotide injection to inhibit Dach1 function.
  • Animal cap assays and whole-mount in-situ hybridization to assess marker expression.

Main Results:

  • RT-PCR confirmed the maternal contribution of Dach1, with peak expression at the neurula stage.
  • Dach1 inhibition resulted in microcephaly and reduced body length in Xenopus embryos.
  • Perturbed expression of neural and neural crest markers was observed in Dach1-deficient embryos.
  • Dach1 appears essential for proper neural crest migration.

Conclusions:

  • Dach1 plays a critical role in regulating cell fate and development during Xenopus embryogenesis.
  • Dach1 is required for normal neural crest migration.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the developmental pathways governed by Dach1.