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Self-injurious behaviour in movement disorders: systematic review.

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Self-injurious behaviours (SIBs) are linked to various movement disorders beyond common causes like Tourette syndrome. This review details these conditions, their causes, and treatment options.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Self-injurious behaviours (SIBs) are deliberate actions causing physical harm, often seen in tic disorders and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
  • The association of SIBs with a broader range of movement disorders is less recognized.
  • A comprehensive understanding of these links is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and delineate the spectrum of movement disorder etiologies associated with SIBs.
  • To explore the pathophysiology and neurobiological risk factors of SIBs in movement disorders.
  • To provide an overview of current treatment strategies for SIBs in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Categorization of movement disorder etiologies linked to SIBs into five domains: neurodevelopmental, neurometabolic, neurodegenerative, structural brain changes, and heterogeneous causes.
  • Analysis of SIB pathophysiology and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Identified a wide range of movement disorder etiologies associated with SIBs, extending beyond commonly known conditions.
  • SIBs in movement disorders stem from diverse underlying pathologies.
  • Key neurobiological risk factors contributing to SIBs were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Movement disorders encompass a broader range of conditions associated with SIBs than previously understood.
  • Understanding the diverse etiologies and pathophysiology is crucial for effective management.
  • A multimodal treatment approach, including behavioral, pharmacological, and surgical interventions, is recommended.