Congenital breast deformities: Anatomical basis and surgical approaches for optimal aesthetic outcomes

Plastic surgeons routinely encounter patients desiring correction of breast asymmetry, hypoplastic growth, or other aesthetic concerns. An appropriate recognition of congenital breast conditions is critical for plastic surgeons. Without consideration of underlying anatomical abnormalities in these patients, surgical intervention may not result in optimal aesthetic outcomes. Often, patients are unaware of their congenital condition and the limitations and difficulties associated with reconstruction must be discussed with the patient preoperatively to ensure optimal aesthetic outcomes. The goal of this article was to summarize the anatomical basis for common congenital breast conditions and discuss options for surgical correction based on the literature and our experience.