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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Highly Conductive Cobalt Perthiolated Coronene Complex for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

Zhijun Chen1,2, Yutao Cui1,2, Chunhui Ye1,2

  • 1National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel 2D metal-organic framework, Cobalt-perthiolated coronene (Co-PTC), demonstrates exceptional conductivity and efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis. This material offers promising advancements for energy applications due to its stability and performance.

Keywords:
conductivehydrogen evolution reactionmetal-organic compoundsnanosheets

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Metal-bis(dithiolene) complexes are recognized for their redox activity, electron transport, magnetic, and catalytic properties.
  • Perthiolated coronene (PTC) ligands, derived from graphene nanoplates, offer a highly symmetric platform for creating advanced hybrid materials.
  • Integrating metal-bis(dithiolene) with PTC presents an effective strategy for developing multifunctional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel 2D metal-organic framework (MOF) incorporating cobalt-bis(dithiolene) and coronene units (Co-PTC).
  • To evaluate the electrical conductivity of the synthesized Co-PTC material.
  • To assess the electrocatalytic performance of Co-PTC in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Main Methods:

  • Homogeneous reaction synthesis of Co-PTC powder samples, characterized as bar-shaped microparticles composed of nanosheets.
  • Verification of the neutral formula [Co3(C24S12)]n for the synthesized Co-PTC.
  • Measurement of electrical conductivity on compressed Co-PTC samples at room temperature.
  • Electrocatalytic testing for HER, including Tafel slope and overpotential measurements under acidic conditions (pH=0).

Main Results:

  • Co-PTC was successfully synthesized as a 2D MOF with a verified neutral formula of [Co3(C24S12)]n.
  • Compressed Co-PTC samples exhibited ultrahigh electrical conductivity (approx. 45 S/cm) at room temperature, among the highest for conducting MOFs.
  • Co-PTC demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic performance for HER, with a Tafel slope of 189 mV/decade and an overpotential of 227 mV at 10 mA/cm² (pH=0).
  • The material showed remarkable stability in extremely acidic aqueous solutions.

Conclusions:

  • The novel Co-PTC material represents a significant advancement in conducting MOFs.
  • Its ultrahigh conductivity and superior HER performance, coupled with excellent stability, position it as a leading metal-organic compound for hydrogen evolution.
  • Co-PTC holds great potential for applications in catalysis and energy conversion.