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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Closing the gap: a roadmap to single-cell regulatory genomics.

Julie Carnesecchi1, Ingrid Lohmann1

  • 1Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Molecular Systems Biology
|May 21, 2020
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Summary

Researchers developed a new method to map gene activity in individual cells, revealing how gene regulatory networks control cellular identity. This breakthrough enhances our understanding of transcriptional regulation in complex tissues.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Understanding cellular identity relies on deciphering spatiotemporal control of gene regulatory networks.
  • Current methods face challenges in analyzing gene regulation at the single-cell level within complex tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel strategy for spatially mapping and integrating single-cell transcriptome and epigenome profiles.
  • To deduce precise enhancer-to-gene activity relationships within individual cells of the Drosophila eye-antennal disc.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell ATAC sequencing (scATAC-seq).
  • Spatial mapping techniques applied to the Drosophila eye-antennal disc.
  • Computational analysis to infer enhancer-gene links.

Main Results:

  • Successful spatial mapping of transcriptome and epigenome data in thousands of individual cells.
  • Identification of specific enhancer-to-gene activity relationships driving cell identity.
  • Detailed insights into the gene regulatory networks governing tissue development.

Conclusions:

  • This new strategy opens a new era in transcriptional regulation research.
  • Enables extraction of critical features driving cellular identity from tissue samples.
  • Provides a powerful framework for studying gene regulation in development and disease.