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The Role of Human Coronavirus Infection in Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis

Li-Jing Xiong1, Meng-Yao Zhou, Xiao-Qing He

  • 1From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|May 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are linked to pediatric gastrointestinal illnesses, though often not considered primary causes. Further research is needed to understand HCoV gastrointestinal transmission in children, especially with emerging viruses like SARS-CoV-2.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pediatrics
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been associated with pediatric gastrointestinal issues since their initial detection in stool samples.
  • Despite this association, HCoVs are not typically considered major pathogens in pediatric acute gastroenteritis, with varying detection rates globally.
  • Several HCoV types, including 229E, OC43, HKU1, NL63, and novel strains like SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have been linked to gastrointestinal symptoms in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between human coronavirus (HCoV) infection and pediatric gastrointestinal illnesses.
  • To highlight the need for increased attention on gastrointestinal transmission routes of HCoVs in children.
  • To improve early identification of infected children and prevent asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic individuals from becoming sources of infection.

Main Methods:

  • Electron microscopy was used to detect HCoV-like particles in stool specimens.
  • Review of existing literature and case reports linking various HCoVs to pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, including diarrhea and vomiting, particularly in newborns and infants.

Main Results:

  • HCoV-like particles have been detected in children with acute gastroenteritis and necrotizing enterocolitis.
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea and vomiting, are observed in pediatric cases, especially in neonates and infants, associated with HCoVs.
  • Limited pediatric cases and unclear pathological features hinder a full investigation into HCoV gastrointestinal infections.

Conclusions:

  • The role of HCoVs in pediatric gastrointestinal illness requires further investigation, particularly concerning novel strains like SARS-CoV-2.
  • Understanding gastrointestinal transmission is crucial for early detection and control of HCoV infections in children.
  • Preventing asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic children from spreading the virus is essential.

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