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Perturbation of the gut microbiome by Prevotella spp. enhances host susceptibility to mucosal inflammation

Aida Iljazovic1, Urmi Roy1, Eric J C Gálvez1,2

  • 1Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.

Mucosal Immunology
|May 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Prevotella intestinalis exacerbates gut inflammation by altering microbial metabolism, reducing beneficial short-chain fatty acids and IL-18 levels. Restoring IL-18 levels can mitigate this inflammation.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is linked to inflammatory diseases.
  • The role of specific microbes like Prevotella in disease pathogenesis remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal role of Prevotella intestinalis in exacerbating intestinal inflammation.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Prevotella intestinalis impacts the gut ecosystem and host immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Colonization of mice with Prevotella intestinalis.
  • Analysis of gut microbiota composition and function.
  • Measurement of short-chain fatty acids and IL-18 levels.
  • Intervention with IL-18 supplementation.

Main Results:

  • Prevotella intestinalis colonization exacerbated intestinal inflammation in mice.
  • Prevotella intestinalis altered gut microbiota, reducing acetate production.
  • A decrease in intestinal IL-18 levels was observed in colonized mice.
  • IL-18 supplementation ameliorated inflammation in Prevotella-colonized mice.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal Prevotella colonization drives inflammation through metabolic alterations in the microbiota.
  • Reduced IL-18 production is a key mechanism linking Prevotella to exacerbated inflammation.
  • Prevotella may contribute to systemic autoimmunity via its impact on intestinal immunity.

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