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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Potential specific therapies in COVID-19.

Muhammad Hamdan Gul1, Zin Mar Htun2, Nauman Shaukat3

  • 1Internal Medicine Department, Amita-Presence Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, 2900 N Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL 60657, USA.

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
|May 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Convalescent blood products show promise for treating COVID-19. Other therapies like hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir require further study, while corticosteroids may cause harm.

Keywords:
IL-6MERSSARS-COV-1convalescent blood productscoronaviruscorticosteroids convalescent serafavipiravirinterferonslopinavir-ritonavirnovel virusremdesivirribavirintocilizumab

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic presents a global healthcare challenge.
  • Urgent need for effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2.
  • Review of existing and potential therapies based on prior coronavirus experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review empiric treatment options for COVID-19.
  • To evaluate human experiences with treatments for SARS-CoV-1 and other viruses.
  • To identify promising therapies for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of online resources.
  • Emphasis on human experiences with treatments for related coronaviruses.
  • Analysis of available clinical trial data.

Main Results:

  • Convalescent blood products emerge as a promising treatment.
  • Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), remdesivir, and tocilizumab show potential but need RCTs.
  • Lopinavir-ritonavir showed no benefit in a large RCT.
  • Corticosteroids may be harmful in COVID-19 pneumonia based on SARS-CoV-1 and MERS data.

Conclusions:

  • Convalescent plasma is a leading candidate therapy for COVID-19.
  • Further randomized clinical trials are essential for validating emerging treatments.
  • Avoid corticosteroids in COVID-19 pneumonia unless indicated for other reasons.