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Defining gentrification for epidemiologic research: A systematic review.

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Neighborhood changes, like gentrification, impact resident health, but definitions vary. This review highlights varied health outcomes and disproportionate effects on marginalized groups, calling for further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Urban Health
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Neighborhood environments significantly influence individual health outcomes.
  • Gentrification, a dynamic neighborhood change, is increasingly studied for its health implications.
  • Existing research on gentrification and health is fragmented due to inconsistent definitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on the association between neighborhood gentrification and health.
  • To propose a framework for future research directions in this field.
  • To synthesize current understanding and identify research gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of articles published between 2007-2020.
  • Identified 1393 unique articles, reviewed 122 abstracts, and included 36 full-text articles.
  • Classified included studies into qualitative (9), quantitative (24), and review (3) types.

Main Results:

  • No universal definition of gentrification exists; definitions commonly use socioeconomic, demographic, housing, education, and income variables.
  • Associated health outcomes include self-reported health, preterm birth, mental health, alcohol use, psychosocial factors, and healthcare utilization, with varied associations.
  • Gentrification's health impacts are not uniform, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations like Black residents and the elderly.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between gentrification and health is complex and requires standardized definitions.
  • Further research is needed, including conceptual models, mechanistic studies, and intervention strategies.
  • Addressing health disparities linked to neighborhood change is crucial for public health.