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Related Concept Videos

Pipe Flowrate Measurement01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

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In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
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Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes01:25

Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes

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Understanding fluid flow behavior through pipes is critical in fluid mechanics, especially in applications like oil transportation through pipelines. Hagen-Poiseuille's law provides an exact solution derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for steady, incompressible, and laminar flow within a circular pipe. Hagen-Poiseuille's law helps determine the necessary pressure drop across a pipeline section by determining parameters like pipe length, radius, oil viscosity, and the desired volumetric...
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Free Jet01:14

Free Jet

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Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:
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Poiseuille's Law and Reynolds Number01:10

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Any fluid in a horizontal tube can flow due to pressure differences—fluid flows from high to low pressure. The flow rate (Q) is the ratio of pressure difference and resistance through a horizontal tube. The greater the pressure difference, the higher the flow rate. The flow resistance is expressed as:
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Assembly and Characterization of an External Driver for the Generation of Sub-Kilohertz Oscillatory Flow in Microchannels
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Experiments on Liquid Flow through Non-Circular Micro-Orifices.

Stefano Cassineri1, Andrea Cioncolini2, Liam Smith1

  • 1Materials Performance Centre, Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

Micromachines
|May 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microfluidic research shows non-circular micro-orifices behave similarly to circular ones. Hydraulic diameter effectively predicts flow in these microfluidic devices.

Keywords:
MEMSdischargeexperimentmicro-electro-mechanical systemmicro-fluidicsmicro-orificenon-circularrectangularsquareturbulent flow

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid mechanics
  • Microfluidics
  • Scientific instrumentation

Background:

  • Microfluidics is crucial for science and engineering applications.
  • Micro-orifices with non-circular cross-sections are under-researched.
  • Understanding flow through micro-orifices is key for device design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate micro-orifice discharge for non-circular cross-sections.
  • To expand the available data for non-circular micro-orifice flow.
  • To assess the impact of orifice shape on hydrodynamic behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of single-phase liquid flow through seven square and rectangular micro-orifices.
  • Measurements conducted with pressurized water at ambient and high temperatures.
  • Flow characterization across a wide range of Reynolds numbers (5883–212,030).

Main Results:

  • Micro-orifice cross-sectional shape showed minimal effect on hydrodynamic behavior.
  • Discharge characteristics were consistent across tested non-circular shapes.
  • Data extended the known flow regime for non-circular micro-orifices.

Conclusions:

  • Existing prediction methods for circular micro-orifice flow are applicable to non-circular ones.
  • Hydraulic diameter is a sufficient parameter to describe non-circular micro-orifice geometry for flow prediction.
  • Shape independence simplifies microfluidic system design and analysis.