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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Exosomal Long Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Diseases.

Christophe Poulet1,2,3, Makon-Sébastien Njock1,2,3,4, Catherine Moermans3,4

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Liège (CHULiege), 4000 Liège, Belgium.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in lung diseases like COPD, asthma, and cancer. Further research is needed to confirm their roles as biomarkers and in treatment resistance, especially in non-cancerous lung conditions.

Keywords:
COPDH19HOTAIRIPFMALAT1MEG3asthmaexosomelncRNAlung cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in gene regulation.
  • Exosomes facilitate the spread of molecules, including lncRNAs, implicated in lung disease pathogenesis.
  • Specific lncRNAs are frequently detected in various lung conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on lncRNAs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancers.
  • To explore the mechanisms of action and signaling pathways involving key lncRNAs.
  • To assess the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and their role in treatment resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and compilation of existing studies on lncRNAs in lung diseases.
  • Construction of interaction networks for lncRNAs in COPD, asthma, IPF, and lung cancers.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways and treatment resistance mechanisms associated with specific lncRNAs.
  • Review of exosome-mediated lncRNA studies.

Main Results:

  • Eight lncRNAs (H19, MALAT1, MEG3, FENDRR, CDKN2B-AS1, TUG1, HOTAIR, GAS5) were analyzed for their roles in lung diseases.
  • Five signaling pathways were identified as targets of these lncRNAs.
  • These lncRNAs are implicated in ten treatment resistance mechanisms in lung cancers, with HOTAIR involved in seven.
  • Five lncRNAs show promise as biomarkers for asthma, COPD, and lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Exosomal studies involving several lncRNAs were summarized.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are significant players in the pathogenesis and progression of lung diseases.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate lncRNA mechanisms, validate their biomarker potential, and understand their role in treatment resistance, particularly in non-cancerous lung diseases.