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Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Neonates: Developmental Physiology and Pathophysiology
Sreekanth Viswanathan1, Sudarshan Jadcherla2
1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 13535 Nemours Parkway, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
Abstract:
Development of enteral and oral feeding milestones in infants is intricately linked to physiologic maturation of the gastrointestinal tract and its complex interplay with cardiorespiratory and central nervous system control and coordination. Assessment of an infant's developmental skills and maturation can guide us with targeted management approaches and prediction of feeding outcomes. In this article, we review and summarize the developmental aspects of oral feeding and swallowing physiology, and current understanding of the pathophysiological changes associated with feeding difficulties in infants.
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