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Gliomatosis cerebri and Rasmussen's encephalitis: Two different entities causing refractory epilepsy. Comparison
J A Andermatten1, S Candela-Cantó2, C Jou3
1Neurosurgery Department, Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Children's Hospital, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Rasmussen's Encephalitis (RE) and Gliomatosis Cerebri (GC) present similar symptoms in children, including drug-resistant epilepsy. Differentiating these conditions often requires a brain biopsy for accurate diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatric Neurology
- Neuroinflammation
Background:
- Rasmussen's Encephalitis (RE) is a chronic inflammatory brain disease affecting one hemisphere in children.
- Gliomatosis Cerebri (GC) is a rare, diffuse, and infiltrative glial tumor.
Observation:
- Two pediatric cases presented with refractory focal epilepsy and similar clinical/radiological features.
- Initial presentation mimicked other neurological disorders, necessitating further investigation.
Findings:
- Histopathological analysis revealed distinct diagnoses in the presented cases.
- Distinguishing RE from GC is crucial for appropriate treatment and management.
Implications:
- Early recognition of drug-resistant epilepsy with hemiparesis can suggest RE.
- GC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such cases.
- Histological confirmation is essential when clinical and radiological findings are ambiguous.
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