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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Establishment of a Segmental Femoral Critical-size Defect Model in Mice Stabilized by Plate Osteosynthesis
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Recent developments in biomaterials for long-bone segmental defect reconstruction: A narrative overview.

Meng Zhang1, Jukka P Matinlinna2, James K H Tsoi2

  • 1Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China.

Journal of Orthopaedic Translation
|May 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Reconstructing long-bone segmental defects (LBSDs) requires advanced biomaterials. This review summarizes recent progress in autografts, allografts, artificial materials, and tissue-engineered bone for LBSD repair.

Keywords:
ADSC, allogenic adipose-derived stem cellsALLO, partially demineralized allogeneic bone blockALP, alkaline phosphataseASC, adipose-derived stem cellAllograftArtificial materialAutograftBMP-2 & 4, bone morphogenetic protein-2 & 4BMSC, bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cellBV, baculovirusBiomaterialCS, chitosanDBM, decalcified bone matrixFGF-2, Fibroblast Growth Factor-2HDB, heterogeneous deproteinized boneLBSD, long-bone segmental defectLong-bone segmental defect reconstructionM-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factorMIC, fresh marrow-impregnated ceramic blockMSC, autologous mesenchymal stem cellsPCL, polycaprolactonePDGF, Platelet-Derived Growth FactorPDLLA, poly(DL-lactide)PET/CT, positron emission- and computed tomographyPLA, poly(lactic acid)PPF, propylene fumarateSF, silk fibroinTCP, tricalcium phosphateTEB, combining ceramic block with osteogenic-induced mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasmaTGF-β, Transforming Growth Factor-βTissue engineeringVEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorbFGF, basic Fibroblast Growth FactorhtMSCs, human tubal mesenchymal stem cellsnHA, nano-hydroxyapatitepoly, (L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide)rADSC, rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cellrVEGF-A, recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor-ArhBMP-2, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2rhBMP-7, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7sRANKL, soluble RANKLβ-TCP, β-tricalcium phosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic surgery
  • Biomaterials science
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Long-bone segmental defects (LBSDs) present significant challenges in orthopaedics.
  • Effective reconstruction demands biomaterials that are strong, osteoinductive, osteoconductive, promote angiogenesis, and are biocompatible.
  • Current biomaterial options include autograft, allograft, artificial materials, and tissue-engineered bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in biomaterials used for LBSD reconstruction.
  • To offer clinicians updated insights into biomaterial options from a materials science perspective.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in four main biomaterial categories for LBSD reconstruction.
  • Analysis of biomaterial properties relevant to bone healing and clinical application.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been observed in LBSD reconstruction biomaterials over the past decade.
  • Each biomaterial type (autograft, allograft, artificial, tissue-engineered) presents unique advantages and limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Continued innovation in biomaterials is crucial for improving LBSD reconstruction outcomes.
  • Understanding the latest developments in these four biomaterial classes is essential for clinical decision-making in LBSD treatment.