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Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model

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Default Mode Network Maturation and Environmental Adversities During Childhood.

Keila Rebello¹, Luciana M Moura¹, Walter H L Pinaya²

¹Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil.

Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)

|May 23, 2020

Summary

Adverse environments affect brain development, particularly the default mode network (DMN). This review explores how early life adversities impact DMN maturation, offering insights into neurodevelopmental changes.

Keywords:

connectivity default mode network environmental exposure typical brain development

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Environmental Health

Background:

The default mode network (DMN) is crucial for cognition and implicated in brain disorders.
Environmental factors significantly influence neurodevelopment, yet their specific impact on DMN maturation remains unclear.
Early life adversities represent a critical period for brain alterations, making them a key focus for understanding environmental influences.

Purpose of the Study:

To review neuroimaging studies on the interaction between DMN development and environmental factors.
To specifically examine the effects of early life adversities on DMN maturation.
To identify methodological challenges and future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies.
Analysis of research focusing on DMN maturation in typical and atypical development.
Examination of studies linking chronic childhood environmental adversities to DMN changes.

Main Results:

Early life adversities are associated with alterations in DMN development.
Changes in DMN maturation may serve as an allostatic neural marker reflecting environmental exposures.
Disentangling neurodevelopmental changes from environmental impacts presents a significant methodological challenge.

Conclusions:

Environmental adversities can shape the developing DMN, potentially leading to long-term neural adaptations.
Further research is needed to refine methodologies for studying environmental influences on brain development.
Understanding these interactions is vital for addressing cognitive and behavioral outcomes associated with adverse environments.