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Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

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In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
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Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
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Dynamic Complex Emulsions as Amplifiers for On-Chip Photonic Cavity-Enhanced Resonators.

Suchol Savagatrup1,2, Danhao Ma3, Huikai Zhong3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

ACS Sensors
|May 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed hydrocarbon-in-fluorocarbon-in-water (HC/FC/W) double emulsions to enhance microcavity resonators for chemical sensing. These dynamic emulsions act as transducers, amplifying signals for real-time detection.

Keywords:
SiN photonicschemical sensorcomplex emulsionsphotonic sensorring resonator cavity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Microcavity resonators show promise as label-free sensors but lack chemical selectivity and cost-effective fabrication.
  • Current sensor designs require improvements for practical, widespread application in chemical and biological detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel liquid top cladding using hydrocarbon-in-fluorocarbon-in-water (HC/FC/W) double emulsions to enhance optical resonator sensors.
  • To demonstrate a method for imparting chemical selectivity and signal amplification to microcavity resonators.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized HC/FC/W double emulsions as a dynamic, tunable liquid cladding for silicon nitride (Si3N4) racetrack resonators.
  • Investigated the chemical-morphological coupling within the emulsions, where analyte exposure induces reversible droplet transformations.
  • Monitored shifts in the resonator's spectral response to correlate with emulsion morphology changes and analyte presence.

Main Results:

  • HC/FC/W double emulsions exhibited dynamic morphological transformations in response to chemical stimuli.
  • These transformations led to significant, detectable changes in the effective refractive index surrounding the resonator.
  • The spectral shifts of the Si3N4 resonator accurately correlated with the emulsion's morphological changes, confirming analyte detection.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of dynamic HC/FC/W double emulsions with on-chip resonators offers a versatile platform for liquid-phase chemical sensing.
  • This hybrid approach enables real-time, continuous detection of chemicals and biomolecules.
  • The technology holds potential for miniaturized, remote, environmental, medical, and wearable sensing applications.