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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Distribution01:25

Secondary Distribution

484
Secondary distribution systems provide electrical energy at the utilization voltage levels from distribution transformers to customer meters. Typical secondary voltages in the United States include 120/240 V for residential use, 208Y/120 V for residential and commercial use, and 480Y/277 V for industrial and high-rise commercial use.
In residential areas, 120/240 V single-phase, three-wire service is commonly used for lighting, outlets, and large appliances. Urban areas with high-density loads...
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Power System Distribution01:25

Power System Distribution

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Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
The transmission system is designed...
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Distribution Reliability and Automation01:25

Distribution Reliability and Automation

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Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
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Transformers in Distribution System01:27

Transformers in Distribution System

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Transformers in distribution systems can be broadly categorized into distribution substation transformers and other distribution transformers. They are crucial for stepping down high transmission voltages to levels suitable for distribution and end-user applications.
Distribution substation transformers come in various ratings and typically use mineral oil for insulation and cooling. To prevent moisture and air from entering the oil, some transformers use an inert gas like nitrogen to fill the...
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Distributed Loads01:19

Distributed Loads

864
Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
For example, consider a bookshelf filled with books stacked vertically adjacent to each other. The weight of the books is evenly distributed over the length of the shelf. As a result, the pressure at different locations on the surface of the...
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Load-frequency control01:28

Load-frequency control

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Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
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Smart Distribution Boards (Smart DB), Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) for Load Device Appliance Signature

See Gim Kerk1, Naveed Ul Hassan2, Chau Yuen1

  • 1Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a smart home system using non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) for demand management, offering a cost-effective alternative to large energy storage systems (ESS). It enables targeted appliance load shedding with user preferences, ensuring grid stability with minimal consumer disruption.

Keywords:
Home-ESSgrid stabilitysmart distribution boardsmart sockets

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Energy Systems

Background:

  • Traditional grid balancing relies on spinning reserves or load shedding, which are strained by intermittent renewable energy sources.
  • Large-scale Energy Storage Systems (ESS) offer grid stabilization but are costly, space-intensive, and face network limitations.
  • Existing demand management solutions often lack consumer control and can cause significant disruption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel, cost-effective demand management approach for grid balancing.
  • To develop a smart distribution board (DB) system integrating high-speed metering and Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) for appliance-level control.
  • To enable voluntary interruptible load management (ILMS) with minimal consumer disruption and high participation rates.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of smart distribution boards (DBs) with high-speed sensors (>6 kHz sampling rate) in over 3000 homes.
  • Application of a Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) algorithm for appliance identification and usage pattern analysis.
  • Development of a voluntary interruptible load management system (ILMS) allowing user-defined preferences for targeted load shedding.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated high-capacity demand management through appliance-level load shedding, achieving MW-level grid balancing.
  • Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the NILM algorithm and the proposed system's ability to manage grid demand.
  • Survey data indicates >95% household participation willingness when user preferences are incorporated.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed smart DB and NILM-based ILMS offers a scalable and cost-effective alternative to large ESS for grid balancing.
  • Appliance-level load shedding, respecting user preferences, minimizes disruption and enhances consumer quality of life.
  • The system's flexibility for centralized or autonomous operation simplifies management compared to large-scale ESS.