Conditioned behavioural responses to apomorphine: extinction and haloperidol-induced inhibition

In previous studies it was established that stereotypies (sniffing, licking, gnawing) produced by apomorphine can be conditioned and after repeated pairings with defined conditioned stimuli (auditory, tactile + olfactory) these stereotypies can be observed in the presence of the conditioned stimuli alone. In the present experiments, the extinction of these conditioned stereotypies was studied in one series; in another series, the possible inhibition of conditioned stereotypies by the blocker of dopamine receptors, haloperidol, was measured. The rats were conditioned (or the controls pseudoconditioned, respectively) for either 3 or 10 days with 2.0 mg/kg s.c. apomorphine or 6 days with 0.5 mg/kg s.c. of the drug and by placing them into particular cages in the presence of an auditory and an olfactory stimulus. Under all these conditions, episodes of conditioned stereotypies were observed, when solvent + conditioned stimuli instead of apomorphine was applied 1 day after the last conditioning session (first session of extinction). The conditioned responses seemed to be on the highest level after conditioning with 2.0 mg/kg apomorphine 3 days, lower after conditioning with the same dose on 10 days, and even lower after conditioning for 6 days with 0.5 mg/kg. Under all these conditions, the stereotypies summed up and averaged for the total observation period of 60 min rapidly decreased during the extinction period, so that on day 4 of the extinction period, no further significant differences between conditioned and pseudoconditioned animals were observed, although a short initial period was still observed on the fourth day. On day 3 of extinction, not only an early, but also a late episode of conditioned stereotypies was manifest, interrupted by an almost silent period. The acute (unconditioned) stereotypies produced by 0.5 mg/kg s.c. apomorphine were almost completely suppressed by pretreatment with 0.1 mg/kg i.p. haloperidol. In contrast, the same dose of haloperidol produced a much less pronounced inhibition of conditioned stereotypies after conditioning with the same dose of apomorphine for 6 times. These results, together with previous findings, suggest that the conditioned behavioural effects are not due to an activation of dopaminergic mechanisms during conditioning with apomorphine.