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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research
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Epigenetics in Multiple Sclerosis.

Vera Sau-Fong Chan1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. sfvchan@hku.hk.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, plays a crucial role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms offers potential for new MS biomarkers and therapies.

Keywords:
DNA methylationEpigenetic therapeuticsHistone modificationImmunodysregulationmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Pathogenesis involves a loss of self-tolerance, leading to autoimmune attacks on myelin.
  • Genetic and environmental factors contribute to MS, with epigenetics mediating environmental influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic mechanisms in MS.
  • To discuss DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA regulation in MS.
  • To explore epigenetic modifiers as potential biomarkers and therapeutics for MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on epigenetics and MS.
  • Focus on epigenetic regulation of immune responses and neurodegeneration.
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifiers for diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic processes significantly influence MS development and progression.
  • Aberrant epigenetic modifications are linked to immune dysregulation and neurodegeneration in MS.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms provide insights into gene-environment interactions in MS.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation is integral to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
  • Epigenetic modifiers represent promising avenues for MS biomarker discovery and therapeutic intervention.