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SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune responses: Friends or foes?

Keying Li1, Zhenhua Hao2, Xiaohui Zhao2

  • 1Department of Medical Laboratory, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
|May 24, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers a complex immune response. Understanding this dual role of the immune system is key to developing effective COVID-19 therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a significant host immune response, characterized by lymphopenia and cytokine dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of the immune system during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To provide a theoretical foundation for identifying therapeutic targets for managing adverse immune reactions in COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SARS-CoV-2-host immune interactions.
  • Analysis of immune cell and cytokine profiles in COVID-19 patients.
  • Examination of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 RNA and proteins activate pattern recognition receptors, initiating antiviral responses.
  • Both overactive and impaired immune responses contribute to immune damage and inflammation.
  • Specific immune alterations include decreased lymphocytes and increased cytokines.

Conclusions:

  • The immune system plays a dual role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with both beneficial and detrimental effects.
  • Targeting specific immune pathways could mitigate COVID-19-associated immune damage and inflammation.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate these immune dynamics for therapeutic development.
Keywords:
coronavirus disease 19cytokine storminflammationsevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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