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The complement system and mast cells (MCs) interact significantly, with MCs producing complement proteins and responding to complement activation. This crosstalk is crucial in various diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The complement system, activated via classical, alternative, and lectin pathways, mediates lysis, opsonization, and phagocyte recruitment.
  • Mast cells (MCs), traditionally known for allergic reactions, also produce complement proteins and express complement receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate molecular and cellular interactions between the complement system and mast cells.
  • To highlight the role of this crosstalk in disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated mast cell production of complement proteins.
  • Examined mast cell expression of complement receptors (C3aR, C5aR).
  • Assessed mast cell activation and chemoattraction by complement anaphylatoxins (C3a, C5a) and MC tryptase.

Main Results:

  • Mast cells are extrahepatic producers of complement proteins.
  • Mast cells express receptors for C3a and C5a, mediating their activation and chemoattraction.
  • MC-released proteases, like tryptase, can activate complement components.

Conclusions:

  • A complex crosstalk exists between mast cells and the complement system at both molecular and cellular levels.
  • This interaction, involving complement production by MCs and their activation by anaphylatoxins and proteases, is vital in allergic, cutaneous, and vascular diseases.