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Brain MRI Diffusion Encoding Direction Number Affects Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Results in Multiple Sclerosis.

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Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is sensitive to the number of diffusion encoding directions (NDED). Results vary with NDED, impacting comparisons of DTI data across different acquisition protocols.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) detects brain pathology, relevant in diseases like multiple sclerosis.
  • Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) is a robust method for analyzing DTI data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of varying numbers of diffusion encoding directions (NDED) on TBSS analysis.
  • To determine if acquisition parameters affect DTI-based group comparisons.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed DTI data from 126 healthy controls and 78 multiple sclerosis patients.
  • Reduced the highest NDED (60 directions) and performed tensor calculations on subsets.
  • Applied the TBSS pipeline to DTI images with 15, 30, 45, and 60 directions.

Main Results:

  • Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Axial Diffusivity (AD) decreased with increasing NDED, particularly in low FA regions.
  • Radial Diffusivity (RD) and Mean Diffusivity (MD) remained constant across NDED.
  • Skeleton size and the number of significant voxels in TBSS analysis decreased with higher NDED.
  • Group differences identified by TBSS were associated with NDED.

Conclusions:

  • TBSS results are dependent on the NDED used during DTI acquisition.
  • Researchers must consider NDED when comparing DTI data acquired with different protocols.