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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Pathogen of the Respiratory Tract

Tejaswi Kanderi1, Isha Shrimanker1, Qurat Mansoora1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Pinnacle, Harrisburg, PA, USA.

The American Journal of Case Reports
|May 26, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a bacterium known for antibiotic resistance, can cause severe opportunistic infections. Early diagnosis is challenging, and prompt, appropriate treatment is crucial due to rising resistance, as highlighted in a fatal case of pneumonia.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen recognized for its biofilm-forming capabilities and intrinsic antibiotic resistance.
  • It frequently co-infects patients with other bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Observation:

  • A 70-year-old female patient with multiple comorbidities presented with hypoglycemia and dyspnea.
  • Chest imaging indicated worsening pneumonia with increased opacities.
  • Initial respiratory cultures were negative; however, repeat cultures identified Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Findings:

  • The isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain was susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin.
  • Despite appropriate medical interventions, the patient experienced a poor prognosis and ultimately succumbed to the infection.

Implications:

  • The clinical presentation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections can be non-specific, complicating rapid diagnosis.
  • Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for this pathogen, especially in critically ill patients.
  • Emphasizing appropriate and timely antibiotic selection is vital to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

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