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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.0K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

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Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

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Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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The new function of circRNA: translation.

Y Shi1, X Jia2, J Xu3

  • 1Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No.123, Tianfei Xiang, Mochou Road, Nanjing, 210004, China.

Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico
|May 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with emerging translational functions. Their encoded peptides play roles in human diseases, offering potential for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
Circular RNAFunctionsPeptidesTranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules formed by back splicing.
  • Traditionally viewed as non-coding, circRNAs are now recognized for their translational potential.
  • These RNAs and their encoded peptides are implicated in human disease development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest research on circRNA detection methods.
  • To summarize the mechanisms of translation initiation for circRNAs.
  • To explore the functional roles of peptides encoded by circRNAs in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on circRNA detection.
  • Analysis of research on circRNA translation initiation.
  • Synthesis of findings on circRNA-encoded peptide functions in disease.

Main Results:

  • Advances in detection methods have facilitated circRNA research.
  • Specific mechanisms for circRNA translation initiation are being elucidated.
  • CircRNA-derived peptides demonstrate significant biological functions in disease contexts.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of circRNAs and their peptides expands our understanding of genomics and disease.
  • Further research into circRNA translation and function can identify novel biomarkers.
  • CircRNAs offer promising avenues for developing diagnostic and therapeutic targets for human diseases.