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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves

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Published on: December 2, 2016

TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 regulates height and stem internode length in bread wheat.

Laura E Dixon^1,2, Marianna Pasquariello¹, Scott A Boden^1,3

¹Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, UK.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|May 26, 2020

Summary

TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) gene restricts wheat height and stem elongation. Variant alleles offer new genetic diversity for optimizing wheat architecture in breeding programs, without negatively impacting seedling emergence.

Keywords:

TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1)Architecture coleoptile growth height wheat (Triticum aestivum)

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Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves

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Published on: July 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Plant genetics
Agricultural science
Molecular biology

Background:

Plant height regulation is crucial for cereal productivity, impacting lodging and grain yield.
Reduced height-1 alleles control wheat height via gibberellin insensitivity but have drawbacks.
New research is exploring genetic variation in stem growth to overcome limitations of existing height-control genes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) in regulating wheat plant height and stem elongation.
To determine if TB1 affects seedling emergence or coleoptile length.
To analyze the impact of allelic variation of TB1 on wheat height.

Main Methods:

Gene expression analysis of TB1 in wheat culm nodes.
Creation and analysis of transgenic wheat lines with altered TB1 dosage.
Height analysis in a multiparent mapping population segregating for TB1 alleles.

Main Results:

TB1 is expressed in wheat culm nodes and restricts stem internode elongation when its dosage is increased.
Increased TB1 activity does not impair seedling emergence and leads to longer coleoptiles.
Allelic variation in TB1 on the B genome influences plant height, with the TB-B1b allele associated with increased height.

Conclusions:

TB1 acts as a negative regulator of plant height and stem elongation in wheat.
TB1 offers a novel genetic resource for wheat breeding to optimize plant architecture.
Variant alleles of TB1 can be utilized to enhance wheat breeding programs without detrimental effects on early growth stages.