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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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A bitless bridle does not limit or prevent dynamic laryngeal collapse.

Zoe Fretheim-Kelly1,2, Cathrine T Fjordbakk1, Constanze Fintl1

  • 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.

Equine Veterinary Journal
|May 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study found no clear evidence that snaffle bits cause dynamic laryngeal collapse (DLC) in horses. Instead, rein tension and head/neck angles appear to be the primary triggers for DLC in susceptible horses.

Keywords:
bitbitless bridledynamic laryngeal collapsehorsetracheal pressure measurementupper respiratory tract

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Area of Science:

  • Equine respiratory physiology
  • Equine biomechanics
  • Veterinary surgery

Background:

  • Bits are often suspected of causing upper respiratory obstruction in horses, but scientific evidence is lacking.
  • Dynamic laryngeal collapse (DLC) is a condition exacerbated by poll flexion when horses are ridden or driven with a bit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a bitless bridle reduces dynamic laryngeal collapse (DLC) severity compared to a conventional snaffle bit bridle.
  • To objectively measure the impact on inspiratory tracheal pressures in horses with DLC.

Main Methods:

  • An intervention study utilized each horse as its own control in a randomized order.
  • Nine Norwegian Swedish Coldblooded trotters with diagnosed DLC were exercised on a treadmill.
  • Measurements included head/neck position, rein tension, inspiratory tracheal pressures, and laryngeal videoendoscopy with both snaffle and bitless bridles.

Main Results:

  • Data from seven horses met inclusion criteria.
  • The change in inspiratory tracheal pressure during flexion was significantly greater with the bitless bridle (-15.2 cmH2O) than the snaffle bit (-9.8 cmH2O).
  • Inspiratory pressure was more negative during the free phase with the snaffle bit, but pressures during flexion were not significantly different between bridles.

Conclusions:

  • The study did not find clear evidence that snaffle bits influence the development or severity of DLC.
  • Head and neck angles induced by rein tension appear to be the key factor in provoking DLC in susceptible horses.
  • A small sample size due to recruitment difficulties was a limitation.