Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

9.2K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
9.2K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

6.6K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
6.6K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

4.6K
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
4.6K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

3.9K
The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
3.9K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

8.1K
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
8.1K
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

8.5K
The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Carboxymethyl cellulose biodegradation by activated sludge microbial communities.

The Science of the total environment·2025
Same author

Application of standardized methods to evaluate the environmental safety of polyvinyl alcohol disposed of down the drain.

Integrated environmental assessment and management·2024
Same author

An Opportunity to See the Heart Defect Physically: Medical Student Experiences of Technology-Enhanced Learning with 3D Printed Models of Congenital Heart Disease.

Medical science educator·2023
Same author

Multi-laboratory evaluation of the reproducibility of polymer biodegradation assessments applying standardized and modified respirometry methods.

The Science of the total environment·2023
Same author

Water soluble polymer biodegradation evaluation using standard and experimental methods.

The Science of the total environment·2022
Same author

Spatial modeling framework for aquatic exposure assessments of chemicals disposed down the drain: Case studies for China and Japan.

Integrated environmental assessment and management·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

18.1K

Non-human bones in forensic casework: not such a trivial problem.

Denise Donlon1, Sarah Croker2, Jennifer Menzies2

  • 1Discipline of Anatomy and Histology F13, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. denise.donlon@sydney.edu.au.

Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology
|May 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Forensic anthropologists often analyze non-human bones, consuming valuable resources. This study found over 70% of casework at Sydney

Keywords:
Animal bonesBone identificationForensic anthropologyForensic caseworkNon-human bones

More Related Videos

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
06:18

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

4.8K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests
04:20

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests

Published on: September 1, 2023

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

18.1K
Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
06:18

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

4.8K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests
04:20

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests

Published on: September 1, 2023

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Zoological Identification
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Mortuaries receive numerous bone submissions requiring significant police and anthropological resources.
  • Misidentification of non-human remains as human leads to wasted time and resources.
  • A need exists to understand the scope of non-human bone casework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey non-human bone casework to determine the scale of the problem.
  • To identify the types of non-human animals and bone elements most frequently encountered.
  • To analyze the condition and location of non-human bone remains.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nine years of casework data from the NSW Department of Forensic Medicine (DOFM), Sydney.
  • Categorization of non-human cases by animal type, bone element, condition, and location.
  • Statistical review of case volume and characteristics.

Main Results:

  • By 2016, over 70% of skeletal cases at Sydney DOFM were non-human.
  • Sheep and cattle remains were most common; vertebrae, femora, and tibiae were the most frequent elements.
  • 32% of cases involved complete bones, and surface finds were slightly more common than buried remains.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial proportion of forensic casework in Sydney involves non-human remains.
  • The findings highlight a significant demand for non-human bone identification expertise.
  • Data can inform the development of targeted training programs for forensic professionals.