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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Myosin Structure and Function01:15

Overview of Myosin Structure and Function

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Myosins are a family of molecular motor proteins, first identified in the skeletal muscles, where they are responsible for muscle contraction. Along with their role in muscle contraction, these proteins also play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules and vesicles. There are twenty-four classes of myosins based on their domain sequence and organization. Of the twenty-four, six classes (Myosin I, Myosin II, Myosin V, Myosin VI, Myosin VII, and Myosin X)  have been well...
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Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction01:16

Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction

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Actin and myosin are contractile proteins that form the sarcomere found in skeletal muscle tissues for regulating muscle contraction. Actin, a globular contractile protein, interacts with myosin for muscle contraction. The skeletal tissue appears striped or striated under a microscope due to the repeated arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin along the length of myofibrils. Dark A bands and light I bands repeat along myofibrils, and the alignment of myofibrils in the cell causes...
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The Sarcomere01:08

The Sarcomere

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A sarcomere is a microscopic segment repeating in a myofibril. The sarcomere fundamentally consists of two main myofilaments: thick filaments called myosin and thin filaments called actin. These filaments interact by sliding past each other in response to stimulus. In addition to myosin and actin, several other proteins, such as tropomyosin, troponin, titin, nebulin, myomesin, α-actinin, and dystrophin, play crucial roles in regulating, structuring, and functioning of the sarcomere.
Each...
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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In pancreatic β-cells myosin 1b regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by modulating an early step in insulin granule trafficking from the Golgi.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Probing Myosin Ensemble Mechanics in Actin Filament Bundles Using Optical Tweezers
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Probing Myosin Ensemble Mechanics in Actin Filament Bundles Using Optical Tweezers

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Myosins and Disease.

Lynne M Coluccio1

  • 1Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. coluccio@bu.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Myosins are essential motor proteins involved in many cell functions. This review details how myosin defects cause various human diseases, highlighting their critical role in health and illness.

Keywords:
BlindnessCancerCardiopmyopathyColitisDeafnessDiseaseGlomerulosclerosisInfectious diseaseMicrovillous inclusion diseaseMyosinsNeurological defects

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Myosin-Specific Adaptations of In vitro Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Motility Assays
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Myosins are a large superfamily of actin-based molecular motors.
  • They are crucial for diverse cellular processes like muscle contraction, cell migration, and intracellular transport.
  • While sharing conserved motor domains, human myosin classes exhibit distinct functions and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of myosins and their association with human diseases.
  • To highlight the diverse roles of myosins in cellular activities and disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on myosins and associated diseases.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on myosin structure, function, and disease links.

Main Results:

  • Myosin defects are implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases, including cardiomyopathies, colitis, glomerulosclerosis, neurological disorders, cancer, blindness, and deafness.
  • Understanding myosin diversity is key to comprehending their varied roles in health and disease.

Conclusions:

  • Myosins are vital proteins, and their dysfunction is a significant factor in numerous human pathologies.
  • Further research into myosins and disease mechanisms is warranted for therapeutic development.