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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Myosin Structure and Function01:15

Overview of Myosin Structure and Function

5.9K
Myosins are a family of molecular motor proteins, first identified in the skeletal muscles, where they are responsible for muscle contraction. Along with their role in muscle contraction, these proteins also play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules and vesicles. There are twenty-four classes of myosins based on their domain sequence and organization. Of the twenty-four, six classes (Myosin I, Myosin II, Myosin V, Myosin VI, Myosin VII, and Myosin X)  have been well...
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The Sarcomere01:08

The Sarcomere

14.4K
A sarcomere is a microscopic segment repeating in a myofibril. The sarcomere fundamentally consists of two main myofilaments: thick filaments called myosin and thin filaments called actin. These filaments interact by sliding past each other in response to stimulus. In addition to myosin and actin, several other proteins, such as tropomyosin, troponin, titin, nebulin, myomesin, α-actinin, and dystrophin, play crucial roles in regulating, structuring, and functioning of the sarcomere.
Each...
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Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction01:16

Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction

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Actin and myosin are contractile proteins that form the sarcomere found in skeletal muscle tissues for regulating muscle contraction. Actin, a globular contractile protein, interacts with myosin for muscle contraction. The skeletal tissue appears striped or striated under a microscope due to the repeated arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin along the length of myofibrils. Dark A bands and light I bands repeat along myofibrils, and the alignment of myofibrils in the cell causes...
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

3.0K
Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
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The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells01:10

The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells

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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

121.6K
As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
121.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Role of Myosin-7a and Usher Proteins in Hearing and Human Disease
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Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Role of Myosin-7a and Usher Proteins in Hearing and Human Disease

Published on: August 23, 2024

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Myosin XVI.

Beáta Bugyi1, András Kengyel2

  • 1Department of Biophysics, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Myosin XVI (Myo16) is crucial for neural development and nervous system function. Impaired Myo16 expression is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders like autism and schizophrenia.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Myosin XVI (Myo16) is a vertebrate-specific motor protein.
  • Its precise functions are under investigation, but it plays a role in neural development and nervous system function.
  • Impaired Myo16 expression is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the detailed functionality of Myosin XVI.
  • To understand the role of Myosin XVI in neural development and nervous system function.
  • To explore the implications of Myosin XVI's structure and expression in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Myosin XVI expression patterns in neural tissues during development.
  • Characterization of Myosin XVI isoforms (Myo16a and Myo16b).
Keywords:
Ankyrin repeatCell cycleMyosinNeural developmentNucleus

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  • Investigation of Myo16b's cytoplasmic and nuclear functions, including actin cytoskeleton reorganization and potential cell cycle regulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Myosin XVI is highly expressed in neural tissues during late embryonic and early postnatal periods, coinciding with neuronal migration and dendritic elaboration.
    • Two isoforms, Myo16a and Myo16b, exist, with Myo16b being predominant and exhibiting both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization.
    • Myo16b's cytoplasmic role involves actin cytoskeleton remodeling via the PI3K/WAVE-complex pathway; its nuclear role may involve cell cycle regulation.
    • Myosin XVI may possess compromised ATPase activity, suggesting a potential stationary function.

    Conclusions:

    • Myosin XVI is a significant motor protein involved in critical aspects of neural development.
    • Its isoforms have distinct localization and functional roles in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.
    • The association of Myosin XVI dysfunction with neuropsychiatric disorders highlights its importance in nervous system health.