Macrophages and T Lymphocytes in the Ovine Placenta After Experimental Infection With Toxoplasma gondii

Early abortion in ovine toxoplasmosis has had limited investigation. This study evaluated the immune response in the placenta of sheep orally infected with Toxoplasma gondii and euthanized between 2 and 4 weeks postinfection. Toxoplasma infection of the placenta was only found at 4 weeks after infection. Parasitic debris in foci of necrosis were immunolabeled in the maternal caruncle, whereas well-preserved intracellular parasitic vacuole-like structures were found in trophoblasts of fetal cotyledon. Early abortions had increased macrophages in caruncular septa, whereas in later abortions the placentas containing the parasite had an increase of T lymphocytes and macrophages mainly in the fetal cotyledons. This study suggests that the immune response in both the fetal and maternal compartments of the placenta may contribute to the pathogenesis of ovine toxoplasmosis and that these responses differ between early and late presentations of the disease.