Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

3.7K
The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
3.7K
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

4.7K
The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cardiac Rehabilitation in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Scoping Review with a Saudi Arabia-Focused Synthesis.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Cognitive muscular therapy™ for knee osteoarthritis: A feasibility randomised controlled trial.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage open·2026
Same author

Community Prevalence and Predictors of Pelvic Floor-Related Symptoms in Saudi Men: Implications for Physiotherapy-Led Care.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Cognitive Muscular Therapy™ for low back pain: a pilot study.

Musculoskeletal science & practice·2025
Same author

The Impact of COVID-19 on Functional Capacity and Pulmonary Outcomes in the Hail Region: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2024
Same author

Short-Term and Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Quality of Life and Psychological Outcomes in Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Lower-Limb Biomechanical Characteristics Associated with Unplanned Gait Termination Under Different Walking Speeds
05:52

Lower-Limb Biomechanical Characteristics Associated with Unplanned Gait Termination Under Different Walking Speeds

Published on: August 25, 2020

4.9K

How does normal variability in trunk flexion affect lower limb muscle activity during walking?

Wael Alghamdi1, Stephen J Preece2

  • 1Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia.

Human Movement Science
|May 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Subtle shifts in trunk inclination significantly alter walking biomechanics. Forward trunk lean increases hip moments and knee muscle activation, potentially impacting joint loads, especially in conditions like knee osteoarthritis.

Keywords:
Co-contractionEMGForward leanKnee osteoarthritisLower limbTrunk flexion

More Related Videos

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
14:55

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Published on: April 18, 2011

14.1K
Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
07:52

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Published on: September 18, 2020

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Lower-Limb Biomechanical Characteristics Associated with Unplanned Gait Termination Under Different Walking Speeds
05:52

Lower-Limb Biomechanical Characteristics Associated with Unplanned Gait Termination Under Different Walking Speeds

Published on: August 25, 2020

4.9K
Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
14:55

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Published on: April 18, 2011

14.1K
Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
07:52

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Published on: September 18, 2020

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Analysis
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • The trunk segment contains a large body mass, making its inclination crucial for gait dynamics.
  • Variations in trunk posture can influence ground reaction forces and lower limb biomechanics during walking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between habitual sagittal trunk inclination and lower limb biomechanical differences in healthy individuals.
  • To determine if forward or backward trunk lean during walking affects joint moments and muscle activation patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Gait analysis was performed on 41 healthy participants during walking.
  • Participants were categorized into forward lean (n=18) and backward lean (n=17) groups based on habitual trunk flexion.
  • Independent t-tests were used to compare lower limb moments, muscle activation, and co-contraction levels between groups.

Main Results:

  • The forward lean group exhibited 5° greater trunk flexion compared to the backward lean group.
  • Forward trunk lean was associated with significantly larger peak hip moments (effect size = 0.7).
  • Higher activation was observed in the lateral gastrocnemius (effect size = 0.6) and biceps femoris (effect size = 0.7) muscles in the forward lean group, along with greater late stance co-contraction (effect size = 0.7).

Conclusions:

  • Small variations in sagittal trunk inclination lead to notable changes in lower limb biomechanics, particularly affecting knee flexor muscle activation.
  • These findings suggest that increased trunk flexion may elevate joint loads.
  • Given that individuals with knee osteoarthritis often exhibit increased trunk flexion, this association could have significant implications for understanding joint loading in this population.