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Serology-based potency test for inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines
R D Goddard1, R A Nicholas, P R Luff
1Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Weybridge, Surrey, UK.
Vaccine
|December 1, 1988
Summary
Potency testing for Newcastle disease vaccines can be reliably assessed using serological methods like the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), potentially replacing traditional challenge tests.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Immunology
- Poultry Health
- Vaccine Technology
Background:
- Newcastle disease is a significant threat to poultry worldwide.
- Current vaccine potency testing relies on challenge models, which can be resource-intensive.
- Serological assays offer a potential alternative for evaluating vaccine efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the correlation between serological titres and the potency of inactivated oil-emulsion Newcastle disease vaccines.
- To assess the suitability of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for vaccine potency determination.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-seven inactivated oil-emulsion Newcastle disease vaccines were tested.
- Chicken serum samples from vaccinated groups (1/50 dose) were analyzed.
- Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed.
Main Results:
- Strong positive correlations were observed between vaccine potency and HI titres.
- Good correlations were also found between vaccine potency and ELISA absorbance values.
- Serological results effectively indicated vaccine potency.
Conclusions:
- Serological tests (HI and ELISA) are reliable indicators of Newcastle disease vaccine potency.
- A switch to serology-based potency testing is recommended to replace challenge tests.
- Challenge tests should be reserved for vaccine batches with ambiguous serological results.