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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
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Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Retroperitoneal Approach for Necrotizing Pancreatitis
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Primary peritonitis in an adolescent boy

László Farkas1, György Lazáry1, Ilona Köves2

  • 1Csecsemő- és Gyermekgyógyászati Osztály, Gyermeksebészeti Szakambulancia,Markusovszky Egyetemi Oktatókórház Szombathely, Markusovszky út 5., 9700.

Orvosi Hetilap
|May 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary peritonitis is rare in healthy children. Emergency surgery and prompt antibiotic treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in cases of acute abdomen and septic shock without a clear source.

Keywords:
acute abdomenakut hasintraoperative diagnosisintraoperatív diagnózisprimary peritonitisprimer peritonitis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Primary peritonitis is uncommon in healthy children, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms mimicking secondary peritonitis.
  • Diagnosis is frequently delayed, typically confirmed intraoperatively due to the absence of unique clinical indicators.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy 15-year-old boy presented with acute enteritis, rapidly progressing to acute abdomen and septic shock.
  • Abdominal CT revealed intra-abdominal air, leading to an emergency laparotomy for suspected perforation.
  • The surgery found purulent peritonitis but no identifiable perforation, indicating primary peritonitis.

Findings:

  • Empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy was initiated and adjusted, successfully treating septic shock and complications.
  • The source of the primary peritonitis remained unidentified.
  • The patient recovered fully and remained asymptomatic post-discharge.

Implications:

  • Primary peritonitis in children necessitates emergency surgery due to nonspecific, rapidly evolving symptoms.
  • Prompt diagnosis, appropriate antibiotics, and supportive care lead to favorable prognoses.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering primary peritonitis in pediatric acute abdomen, even without predisposing factors.