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Procoagulation, hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic “shut down” detected with ClotPro® viscoelastic tests in COVID-19
István Zátroch1, Anikó Smudla2, Barna Babik3
1Uzsoki Utcai Kórház Budapest.
Insights
COVID-19 patients exhibit significant coagulation issues, including hypercoagulation and impaired fibrinolysis, as detected by ClotPro® tests. These findings suggest a need for further research into anticoagulation therapies for thromboembolic events.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- COVID-19 is associated with a high incidence of thromboembolic events, affecting over 30% of hospitalized patients.
- These events involve arterial, venous, and microvascular thrombosis, often presenting as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
- Key indicators include elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen, alongside prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the coagulation status of COVID-19 patients using advanced ClotPro® testing.
- To correlate laboratory findings with the clinical presentation of thromboembolic complications in COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Blood samples from three intensive care unit COVID-19 patients were analyzed.
- Utilized ClotPro® assays including EX-tests, IN-test, FIB-tests, RVV-tests, and TPA-tests.
- Results were interpreted in the context of each patient's clinical condition.
Main Results:
- ClotPro® testing revealed procoagulation, hypercoagulation, and either fibrinolysis or a shutdown of the fibrinolytic process.
- Coagulation parameters aligned with conventional tests, meeting criteria for non-overt disseminated intravascular coagulation.
- The findings provide insights into the complex hemostatic alterations in COVID-19.
Conclusions:
- The study highlights significant coagulation abnormalities in COVID-19 patients.
- Findings support further investigation into the pathophysiology of COVID-19-related thromboembolism.
- Results may inform the use of full-dose anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies, pending clinical trials.
Introduction:
International data indicate that arterial, venous and microvascular thrombosis or disseminated intravascular coagulation occur in more than 30% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This condition is characterized by high levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen, prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time.
Method:
Blood samples from three COVID-19 patients treated in a Hungarian intensive care unit were collected and analyzed with ClotPro® tests. EX-tests, IN-test, FIB-tests, RVV-tests, and TPA-tests were performed. The results were interpreted with respect to the clinical condition of the patients.
Results:
Procoagulation, hypercoagulation and either fibrinolysis or a "shut down" phenomenon of the fibrinolytic process were found with ClotPro®. The ClotPro® parameters were consistent with the conventional coagulation tests and corresponded with the criteria of non-overt disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Conclusion:
These findings encourage further investigations to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients and may support the introduction of full dose anticoagulation with or without antiplatelet therapy. Interventional clinical trials may be helpful in defining the appropriate drug(s), for this purpose, the algorithms of administration, and the optimal duration of therapy. At present, the authorization of a clinical trial that attempts to answer these questions is in progress. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(22): 899-907.
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