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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Cellular Processes by Modeling Ligands in Cryo-EM Maps
Published on: July 19, 2024
Structure-Activity Relationships of Butyrophilin 3 Ligands
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 69N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Abstract:
Phosphoantigens (pAgs) are small phosphorus-containing molecules that stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with sub-nanomolar cellular potency. Recent work has revealed that these compounds work through binding to the transmembrane immunoglobulin butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1) within its intracellular B30.2 domain. Engagement of BTN3A1 is critical to the formation of an immune synapse between cells that contain pAgs and the Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. This minireview summarizes the structure-activity relationships of pAgs and their implications to the mechanisms of butyrophilin 3 activation leading to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell response.
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