Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

362
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
362
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

446
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
446
Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

401
Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
401
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

586
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
586
Psychodynamic Therapy01:29

Psychodynamic Therapy

383
Psychodynamic therapies emphasize the exploration of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as fundamental contributors to psychological difficulties. These therapies, deeply rooted in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, aim to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts, granting individuals insights that promote emotional and behavioral healing. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches have evolved, integrating a broader range of influences and methodologies while still valuing the...
383
Interpersonal Psychotherapy01:25

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

235
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a structured, time-limited therapeutic approach initially developed to treat depression. It integrates key concepts from psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive-behavioral therapies, making it a uniquely eclectic framework. The therapy is rooted in the interpersonal theories of Adolph Meyer and Harry Stack Sullivan, as well as John Bowlby's attachment theory, and focuses on the interplay between interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being.
235

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Therapeutic alliance in intensive PTSD treatment with a therapist rotation model.

European journal of psychotraumatology·2026
Same author

Virtual Reality Exposure-Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT + VRE) vs. CBT With Imaginal Exposure (CBT + IE) for Adolescent Patients Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Depression and anxiety·2026
Same author

Deepfake perpetrator conversation for adults with sexual abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder: intervention development and multiple baseline study protocol.

European journal of psychotraumatology·2026
Same author

Phase-based treatment versus immediate prolonged exposure for childhood abuse-related PTSD: The role of emotion regulation improvement in predicting PTSD symptom reduction.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
Same author

Hope enhances treatment outcome of intensive trauma-focused treatment for PTSD.

European journal of psychotraumatology·2026
Same author

Concomitant Psychotropic Medication Is Associated with Reduced Outcomes of Trauma-Focused Psychotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Psychotherapy and psychosomatics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure
08:20

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure

Published on: January 18, 2021

4.3K

Sequence matters: Combining Prolonged Exposure and EMDR therapy for PTSD.

Agnes Van Minnen1, Eline M Voorendonk1, Linda Rozendaal2

  • 1Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), The Netherlands; Research department PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

Psychiatry Research
|May 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

For patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), receiving Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy before EMDR therapy led to better symptom reduction and higher treatment preference. The sequence of trauma-focused treatments significantly impacts patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

13.0K
Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
05:49

Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Published on: October 13, 2018

12.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure
08:20

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure

Published on: January 18, 2021

4.3K
Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

13.0K
Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
05:49

Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Published on: October 13, 2018

12.6K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Trauma Studies

Background:

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition often treated with evidence-based therapies.
  • Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are two effective trauma-focused treatments.
  • The optimal sequencing of combined therapeutic interventions for PTSD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of treatment sequence on the efficacy of combining Prolonged Exposure (PE) and EMDR therapy for PTSD.
  • To compare patient outcomes and subjective experiences between two different sequences of PE and EMDR therapy.

Main Methods:

  • An intensive eight-day treatment program combining PE and EMDR therapy was administered to PTSD patients.
  • Participants were assigned to one of two sequences: PE followed by EMDR, or EMDR followed by PE.
  • Outcome measures included PTSD symptom severity and subjective patient evaluations of treatment helpfulness and preference.

Main Results:

  • Patients receiving PE therapy before EMDR therapy demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in PTSD symptoms.
  • The PE-first sequence was associated with higher patient preference and greater perceived helpfulness of treatment sessions.
  • No significant differences in subjective experiences were reported for the EMDR-first condition.

Conclusions:

  • Combining PE and EMDR therapy is a viable treatment approach for PTSD.
  • The sequence of administering PE before EMDR therapy leads to superior treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.
  • These findings suggest that treatment sequencing is a critical factor in optimizing PTSD therapy.