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Argonaute proteins: Structural features, functions and emerging roles.

Jin'en Wu1, Jing Yang1, William C Cho2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, China.

Journal of Advanced Research
|May 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Argonaute proteins are crucial for small RNA pathways, regulating gene expression and defense. Their dysregulation impacts diseases like cancer, highlighting the importance of studying their modifications and functions.

Keywords:
AKT3, AKT serine/threonine kinase 3Argonaute proteinCCR4-NOT, carbon catabolite repressor 4-negative on TATACRISPR-Cas9, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (cas9)DGCR8, DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptorGW182 protein, glycine/tryptophan repeats-containing protein with molecular weight of 182 kDaH3K9, histone H3 lysine 9Hsp70/90, heat shock proteins 70/90JEV, Japanese encephalitis virusKRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogeneP4H, prolyl 4-hydroxylasePAM, protospacer adjacent motifPAZ, PIWI-argonaute-zwillePIWI, P-element-induced wimpy testisPost-translational modificationRISCs, small RNA-induced silencing complexesSmall RNATRBP, the transactivating response (TAR) RNA-binding proteinTRIM71/LIN41, tripartite motif-containing 71, known as Lin41WSSV, white spot syndrome virusmiRNAspiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Argonaute proteins are essential, conserved molecules involved in small regulatory RNA biogenesis.
  • These proteins mediate gene silencing pathways, impacting gene expression and host defense against pathogens.
  • Aberrant Argonaute protein activity is linked to disrupted small RNA functions and various diseases, notably cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the post-translational modifications of Argonaute proteins.
  • To explore novel functions of Argonaute proteins in biological processes.
  • To emphasize the role of Argonaute proteins in alternative splicing, host defense, and genome editing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Argonaute protein research.
  • Analysis of studies on Argonaute protein post-translational modifications.
  • Synthesis of findings on Argonaute protein functions in gene regulation and disease.

Main Results:

  • Argonaute proteins undergo diverse post-translational modifications.
  • These modifications influence Argonaute protein function in small RNA pathways.
  • Novel roles in alternative splicing, host defense, and genome editing are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Argonaute proteins are critical regulators with diverse functions.
  • Post-translational modifications are key to understanding Argonaute protein activity.
  • Further research into Argonaute proteins offers therapeutic potential for diseases like cancer.