Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

1.7K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.7K
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

261
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
261
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods01:20

Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods

136
Pharmacodynamic methods provide insights into a drug's effects on physiological processes over time and play a crucial role in understanding bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can be broadly classified into acute pharmacological and therapeutic response approaches, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.The acute pharmacological response method directly correlates a drug's physiological effects, such as ECG or pupil diameter changes, to its time course in the body.
136
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding01:13

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding

170
Physiological models with protein binding in pharmacokinetics offer a sophisticated approach to understanding drug disposition. These models consider drug-protein interactions, enabling them to effectively predict drug concentrations in different organs and tissues. This precision aids in accurate drug dosing, providing a significant advantage over conventional models. A key process within these models is equilibration, which ensures that drug concentrations achieve a steady state within the...
170
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

3.4K
Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
3.4K
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

2.3K
Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nano-in-micro dry powder formulations combining azithromycin and menadione as adjuvant against pulmonary P. aeruginosa infections.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles-Based Formulations for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs: A Case Study on Insulin.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Design of Poly-Catechol Biodynamers for Potentiation of Antibiotic Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Bacteria.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same author

Expedient Access to Gold/Quantum-Dot Nanohybrids Mediated by Poly(ethylene Glycol) Ligands of Distinct Macromolecular Architecture.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2025
Same author

Aetokthonotoxin, the Causative Agent of Vacuolar Myelinopathy, Uncouples Oxidative Phosphorylation due to Protonophore Activity.

Chemical research in toxicology·2025
Same author

Mechanical cues rewire lipid metabolism and support chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3 and SKOV3.

Cell communication and signaling : CCS·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
08:59

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

8.4K

Integrating Biophysics in Toxicology.

Giorgia Del Favero1,2, Annette Kraegeloh3

  • 1Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Cells
|May 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Biophysical stimulation in toxicology testing enhances in vitro models to better mimic in vivo conditions. This approach improves predictive power and reduces animal use in toxicity assessments.

Keywords:
cytotoxicitymatrix stiffness/deformationmechanotransductionshear stress

More Related Videos

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents HPHC
11:38

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents HPHC

Published on: May 10, 2016

12.6K
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

13.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2025

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
08:59

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

8.4K
High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents HPHC
11:38

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents HPHC

Published on: May 10, 2016

12.6K
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

13.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Toxicology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • In vivo mechanical stimulation is vital for cellular homeostasis.
  • Current in vitro methods aim to replicate physiological conditions more accurately.
  • Reducing animal use in toxicity testing is a key driver for novel experimental setups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the integration of biophysical stimuli in in vitro toxicity testing models.
  • To discuss challenges and future perspectives in this field.
  • To enhance the predictive power of in vitro cytotoxicity studies.

Main Methods:

  • Modulating extracellular matrix stiffness and substrate deformation (static/dynamic strain).
  • Cultivating cells under shear stress from extracellular fluid movement.
  • Introducing physical cues into cell culture environments.

Main Results:

  • Biophysical stimuli modulate cell differentiation, function, and metabolism.
  • These modulations influence cellular responses to toxic insults.
  • Integration of biophysical stimulation improves in vitro model relevance.

Conclusions:

  • Biophysical stimulation is a key factor in advancing in vitro toxicity testing.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and optimize these models.
  • This approach holds promise for more predictive and ethical toxicity assessments.