Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...

Bending

Bending

Pure bending is a fundamental concept in structural mechanics, essential for understanding how materials deform under symmetrical loads without direct forces. Pure bending occurs when prismatic members, such as beams, are subjected to equal and opposite moments that induce bending. The phenomenon is crucial as it allows for predicting stress distributions without the influence of axial or shear forces.
In pure bending, the bending stress in a beam is calculated based on the bending moment and...

Plastic Deformations

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Electrospun Polyurethane-Based Nanofibrous Membranes Functionalized with UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> for Water Remediation.

Polymers·2026

Same author

Resolving Complex Multiscale Structure of Magneto- and Electroactive Polymer Composites With an Ionic Liquid.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Processing-Structure-Property Relationships in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Composites Containing Metal Organic Frameworks and Ionic Liquids: A Roadmap for Application-Driven Design.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

Effect of Cation Type on the Isothermal Crystallization of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blended in Ionic Liquids with [Eu(tta)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> Anion.

The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces·2026

Same author

Polydopamine/Silica Coating Enhances Electrochemical and Thermal Properties of Polyethylene Separators for Lithium-Metal Batteries.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Same author

Vibration or Stretch? Distinct Mechanoelectrical Signatures Govern Osteogenic Programming in PVDF.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

Development of Poly(l-Lactic Acid)-Based Bending Actuators.

Daniela M Correia^1,2, Liliana C Fernandes², Bárbara D D Cruz³

¹CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

|May 28, 2020

Summary

Researchers developed novel bending actuators using poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and ionic liquid ([Emim][TFSI]) blends. These PLLA/ionic liquid composites show promise for soft actuator applications, achieving significant displacement under applied voltage.

Keywords:

PLLA composites degree of crystallinity ionic liquid thermal treatments

More Related Videos

Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots

Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots

Published on: November 8, 2019

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Published on: August 17, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots

Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots

Published on: November 8, 2019

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Published on: August 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Science
Actuator Technology

Background:

Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) is a biodegradable polymer with potential for advanced material applications.
Ionic liquids (ILs) offer unique properties for modifying polymer characteristics.
Developing efficient and flexible soft actuators is crucial for robotics and biomedical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop bending actuators using poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and ionic liquid (IL) blends.
To investigate the effect of processing conditions and post-thermal treatments on PLLA/IL composite properties.
To evaluate the performance of these composites as soft actuators.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of PLLA/IL films using solvent casting with varying temperatures.
Post-thermal treatments at different temperatures (70-140 °C) to control crystallinity.
Characterization of morphological, structural, mechanical, and electrical properties.
Evaluation of actuator performance under applied voltage.

Main Results:

Ionic liquid incorporation induced a porous surface morphology in PLLA films.
Post-thermal treatment at 70 °C and [Emim][TFSI] blending increased sample crystallinity.
No significant changes in Young's Modulus were observed for thermal treatments between 70-140 °C.
A maximum displacement of 1.7 mm was achieved for a PLLA/[Emim][TFSI] composite actuator at 10 Vpp and 100 mHz.

Conclusions:

PLLA/ionic liquid blends are viable for creating high ionic conductive soft actuators.
Processing temperature and thermal treatments significantly influence composite properties and performance.
This research opens new possibilities for utilizing PLLA in actuator development.