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Swedish translation and validation of the Pediatric Insomnia Severity Index
Charlotte Angelhoff1,2, Peter Johansson3, Erland Svensson4
1Crown Princess Victoria's Child and Youth Hospital, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden. charlotte.angelhoff@liu.se.
Insights
The Swedish version of the Pediatric Insomnia Screening Instrument (PISI) is a reliable tool for identifying sleep problems in children. This validated screening instrument aids in discussions with families about children's sleep behavior.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Sleep Medicine
- Child Psychology
- Health Outcomes Research
Background:
- Childhood sleep behavior is crucial for health and well-being.
- Validated, brief sleep screening tools for children are lacking.
- The Pediatric Insomnia Screening Instrument (PISI) is a potential solution.
Purpose of the Study:
- Translate the PISI into Swedish.
- Analyze the factor structure of the Swedish PISI.
- Assess the reliability and validity of the Swedish PISI in healthy Swedish children.
Main Methods:
- Swedish translation and back-translation of the PISI.
- Parental completion of the Swedish PISI and KIDSCREEN-27 (twice).
- Exploratory/confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and correlation analyses.
Main Results:
- The Swedish PISI demonstrated a two-factor structure: sleep onset problems (SOP) and sleep maintenance problems (SMP).
- The instrument showed substantial construct and test-retest reliability.
- PISI factors correlated significantly with all KIDSCREEN-27 dimensions.
Conclusions:
- The Swedish PISI is suitable for screening pediatric sleep problems.
- It serves as a valuable aid for healthcare providers discussing sleep with families.
- This tool supports improved child health and well-being through better sleep management.
Background:
To increase health and well-being in young children, it is important to acknowledge and promote the child's sleep behaviour. However, there is a lack of brief, validated sleep screening instruments for children. The aims of the study were to (1) present a Swedish translation of the PISI, (2) examine the factor structure of the Swedish version of PISI, and test the reliability and validity of the PISI factor structure in a sample of healthy children in Sweden.
Methods:
The English version of the PISI was translated into Swedish, translated back into English, and agreed upon before use. Parents of healthy 3- to 10-year-old children filled out the Swedish version of the PISI and the generic health-related quality of life instrument KIDSCREEN-27 two times. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for baseline and test-retest, structural equation modelling, and correlations between the PISI and KIDSCREEN-27 were performed.
Results:
In total, 160 parents filled out baseline questionnaires (test), whereof 100 parents (63%) filled out the follow-up questionnaires (retest). Confirmative factor analysis of the PISI found two correlated factors: sleep onset problems (SOP) and sleep maintenance problems (SMP). The PISI had substantial construct and test-retest reliability. The PISI factors were related to all KIDSCREEN-27 dimensions.
Conclusions:
The Swedish version of the PISI is applicable for screening sleep problems and is a useful aid in dialogues with families about sleep.
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