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The Mouse Claustrum Is Required for Optimal Behavioral Performance Under High Cognitive Demand.

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The claustrum, a brain region, shows increased activity during complex cognitive tasks. Inhibiting the claustrum impairs performance on demanding tasks, suggesting its role in cognitive control.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding neural circuits for cognitive control is crucial for explaining goal-directed behavior.
  • The claustrum's role in cognitive functions like sensory binding and action control is proposed but lacks direct experimental evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional role of claustrum projection neurons in cognitive control.
  • To assess the claustrum's involvement in tasks of varying cognitive demand.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Gnb4 cre driver line in mice for targeted monitoring and manipulation of claustrum projection neurons.
  • Employed fiber photometry to measure neural activity and optogenetics to inhibit claustrum neurons.
  • Assessed performance on 1-choice versus 5-choice serial reaction time tasks.

Main Results:

  • Claustrum activity was elevated before cues in the more demanding 5-choice task compared to the 1-choice task.
  • Increased claustrum activity correlated with higher task demand and reward acquisition.
  • Optogenetic inhibition of the claustrum impaired performance specifically on the 5-choice task.

Conclusions:

  • The claustrum plays a critical role in supporting cognitive control.
  • Claustrum function is essential for optimal behavioral performance, particularly under cognitively demanding conditions.