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Related Concept Videos

Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

4.9K
Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
4.9K
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

4.7K
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
4.7K
The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

7.5K
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
7.5K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.8K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.8K
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

4.1K
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
4.1K
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

3.8K
As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
3.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles
10:38

Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles

Published on: September 21, 2018

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The Centriole Mystique.

Thoru Pederson1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.

Trends in Cell Biology
|May 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Centrioles, crucial for cell division and motility, may not replicate as previously thought. Emerging evidence suggests alternative assembly pathways, challenging long-held beliefs about centriole duplication.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Centrioles are essential microtubule-organizing centers.
  • They function as basal bodies for cilia and flagella.
  • Centriole duplication is a poorly understood process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on centriole assembly.
  • To question the prevailing model of centriole replication.
  • To highlight the need for new research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data.
  • Analysis of centriole assembly mechanisms.
  • Comparison of proposed and established models.

Main Results:

Keywords:
centriolecentrosomegenomic controlself-assemblytemplated replication

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Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes
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Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles
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Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles

Published on: September 21, 2018

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Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes
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Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

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  • The traditional model of centriole replication faces significant challenges.
  • Nucleic acid-based replication models for centrioles are currently implausible.
  • Centrioles can also form de novo, independent of existing structures.

Conclusions:

  • The focus on centriole replication may obscure fundamental assembly principles.
  • Understanding de novo centriole formation is critical.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate centriole biogenesis pathways.