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Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability in the radiographic measurements of paediatric forefoot alignment
Barbara Jasiewicz1, Jacek Pietraszek2, Sławomir Duda1
1Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Balzera 15, 34-500 Zakopane, Poland.
Background:
Foot bones in children have more rounded shapes in radiograms than adults. Thus, the goal of this work was assessing inter- and intra-observer reliability in paediatric forefoot angle measurements.
Material And Methods:
Six forefoot angles in 34 AP standing paediatric foot radiographs were measured by 5 researchers. A classic statistical analysis with use of IBM SPSS Statistics 25 was performed and a new method with two-way analysis of variance was applied.
Results:
Results of statistical analysis revealed the properties of a subjective assessment related to specific angles. Kilmartin's angle, calcaneus-fifth metatarsal angle and first ray angle are the most reliable; metatarsus adductus angle should be used with great caution in pediatric population. Engel's angle is the most difficult for measuring and measurement error is the highest.
Conclusion:
The power of paediatric forefoot measurements is various. Several angles are reliable, while Engle's angle is the most doubtful.
