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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
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Immune Profiling To Predict Outcome of Clostridioides difficile Infection.

Mayuresh M Abhyankar1, Jennie Z Ma2, Kenneth W Scully3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Mbio
|May 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomarker profiling of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) patients identified key immune responses predicting mortality. This immune profiling offers a promising approach for personalized medicine and improved risk stratification in CDI cases.

Keywords:
ClostridioidesClostridium difficileinflammationmortalitypredictive modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Precision Medicine

Background:

  • Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major healthcare-associated infection with significant recurrence rates.
  • Predicting CDI outcomes relies heavily on understanding complex host-bacterium interactions, which clinical parameters alone do not fully capture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop biomarker-based models for predicting mortality and recurrence in CDI patients.
  • To enable risk stratification for targeted interventions in high-risk individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma cytokine levels (17 cytokines) were measured in 341 CDI inpatients.
  • Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictive biomarkers for 90-day mortality and recurrence.
  • A risk prediction model was developed using identified plasma biomarkers and clinical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Increased levels of TNF-α and IL-8, and decreased CCL-5, were significantly associated with 90-day mortality after adjusting for clinical factors.
  • The developed logistic regression model achieved an AUC of 0.91 for 90-day mortality and 0.77 for 90-day recurrence.
  • The predictive model demonstrated superior performance compared to white blood cell count.

Conclusions:

  • Immune profiling reveals distinct host responses in CDI patients, paving the way for precision medicine approaches.
  • Biomarker-based risk prediction can aid in treatment selection and enhance understanding of CDI pathogenesis.