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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

Host-microbiota interactions in immune-mediated diseases.

William E Ruff^1,2, Teri M Greiling³, Martin A Kriegel⁴

¹Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Nature Reviews. Microbiology

|May 28, 2020

Summary

Modern lifestyles disrupt host-microbiota interactions, increasing immune-mediated diseases. This review explores how gut, oral, and skin microbiota contribute to these conditions and discusses potential therapies to restore immune tolerance.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Microbiology
Environmental Health

Background:

Host-microbiota interactions are crucial for immune system development.
Modern environmental and lifestyle changes have disrupted this balance, leading to increased immune-mediated diseases.
Understanding the role of mucosal and skin microbiota in these diseases is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the mechanisms by which microbiota contribute to immune-mediated diseases.
To highlight recent advancements in metagenomics, host-microorganism interactions, and molecular mechanisms.
To explore therapeutic strategies for restoring immune tolerance and homeostasis.

Main Methods:

Review of recent human metagenomic studies.
Analysis of mechanistic studies in gnotobiotic models and in vitro systems.
Examination of molecular mechanisms underlying host-microorganism interactions.

Main Results:

Microbiota imbalance is linked to immune-mediated diseases like autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory disorders.
Breaches in immune tolerance and barrier integrity are key mechanisms.
Gut, oral, and skin microbiota play significant roles in disease predisposition, initiation, and perpetuation.

Conclusions:

Restoring immune tolerance and homeostasis is achievable through targeted therapies.
Therapeutic avenues include modulating microbiota, strengthening barrier surfaces, or adjusting the host immune system.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate complex host-microbiota interactions in immune-mediated diseases.